![]() In contrast to chimpanzees, agonistic coalitions among bonobos are more prevalent among females than males ( Stevens et al. In stark contrast to chimpanzees, female bonobos are codominant with males ( Furuichi 1997 Surbeck and Hohmann 2013) and evolved elaborate socio-sexual behaviors that mitigate conflicts and facilitate gregariousness and coalition formation ( Kano 1980 Hohmann and Fruth 2000 Clay and de Waal 2014), which may explain why levels of overt aggression between females are low ( Furuichi 1997 Surbeck and Hohmann 2013). 1999 Hohmann and Fruth 2002), more central in the social network ( Wrangham 1986 Furuichi 1989 White 1989 Tokuyama and Furuichi 2017), and travel in mixed sex subgroups more often ( Wrangham 1986 White 1988 Furuichi 1989). Compared with chimpanzees, bonobo females are more gregarious ( Hohmann et al. 2002 Boesch 2009 Gruber and Clay 2016), differences between bonobos and chimpanzees remain salient. Despite the considerable diversity among chimpanzee subspecies ( Boesch et al. 2006), and a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics ( Sugiyama 1968 Kuroda 1979 Aureli et al. 2017) with male philopatry and female dispersal ( Morin et al. #Female chimpanzee drivers#Understanding the drivers of these differences and the factors underlying bonobo sociality may inform us about the evolutionary pressures leading to characteristic traits of human sociality.īonobos and chimpanzees live in relatively large multi-male, multi-female groups ( Miller et al. Nevertheless, the two Pan species differ in several important aspects of their sociality. Our closest living relatives, bonobo ( Pan paniscus) and chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) diverged approximately 1.5–2.6 million years ago, long after the Homo- Pan split occurred 7–13 million years ago ( Langergraber et al. #Female chimpanzee full#The key to a full understanding of variation in social structure may be an integrated view of cooperation and competition over access to the key resources food and mates, both within and between the sexes.Ĭomplex sociality is a hallmark feature of the human condition with evolutionary roots in our primate heritage ( Brown et al. Together with the observation that females join forces in conflicts with males, our results support the hypothesis that predicts that females trade off feeding opportunities for safety against male aggression. Instead, energy balance varied independent of female rank with the proportion of fruit in the diet. However, these rank effects did not translate into variation in energy balance, as measured from urinary C-peptide levels. Focusing on the behavior of co-feeding females and controlling for variation in characteristics of the feeding patch, food intake rate moderately increased while feeding effort decreased with female dominance rank, indicating that females engaged in competitive exclusion from high-quality food resources. Here, we test predictions from 3 socioecological hypotheses regarding the evolution of these traits using data on wild bonobos at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of Congo. ![]() Of particular interest is the contrast between the chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes) and bonobo ( Pan paniscus), the latter exhibiting increased female gregariousness, more tolerant relationships, and elaborate behavioral adaptations for conflict resolution. Humans share an extraordinary degree of sociality with other primates, calling for comparative work into the evolutionary drivers of the variation in social engagement observed between species. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |